When we write an essay in response to something we have read or blend other authors’ words and ideas with our own, we are required to provide our readers with the citation (or publication facts) of the words and the ideas we are borrowing. 

In MLA format, we place this citation at the end of our essay on a page entitled Works Cited.   Properly doing this not only credits the author for the words and ideas we have borrowed, but also gives our readers a potential source for further study and research.

The first step is to be sure that the final copy of your essay gives your reader the appropriate Works Cited information at its end.

Below is the general MLA format for Viewpoints citations along with four examples from the text. This is followed with information about how to cite words and ideas from a Viewpoints essay when you use that information in your essay. 

Modern Language Association (MLA) Format

General MLA format for a Viewpoints Works Cited page entry:

Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. “Name of Essay.”  Viewpoints. Ed. W. Royce A. Adams, 7^th ed. Boston: Wadsworth, 2010. (page numbers of article).

          Specific examples for a Works Cited page:

        Logan, Paul. “Zero.” Viewpoints. Ed. W. Royce Adams, 7^th ed. Boston, Wadsworth, 2010. (101-05).

Yeager, Jeff. “Less Is More.” Viewpoints. Ed. W. Royce Adams, 7^th ed. Boston, Wadsworth, 2010. (323-25).

Alcorn, Randy. “The Species Called Homo-Simpsons.” Viewpoints. Ed. W. Royce Adams, 7^th ed. Boston, Wadsworth, 2010. (145-47)

Galowicz, Susan. “Outsourcing Jobs Leaves the American White-Collar Worker Behind.” Viewpoints. Ed. W. Royce Adams, 7^th ed. Boston, Wadsworth, 2010. (343-45).

       In-text MLA Citations:

       Refer to all authors by last name ONLY; do NOT use the first name. This may seem rude, but referring to authors by their first names bespeaks a personal familiarity with them that we do not have.

       If it is clear to your reader who the author of a quotation or idea is, include only the page numbers(s) in parentheses—do NOT include the author’s name unless your reader would be unclear about from which source the wording or information came. Place the required information (author’s last name and page number or page number only) in parentheses (not brackets).  

Do NOT use "p" or "pg,” or a comma before the page number--only the page number.  If you do need to include the author’s last name, use NO punctuation other than a single space between the name and the page number.)

Examples of in-text citations:

       If you lead-in to the quotation with something like,

As Baker writes, “MLA citation style totally rocks!”

all you need in the parentheses is the page number since you identified the author (Baker) beforehand in the lead-in.   It would look like this:

              As Baker writes, “MLA citation style totally rocks!” (46). 

      However, if it is not obvious to your reader which source owns the words, your sentence would then look like this:

             As a noted expert in genetics writes, “MLA citation style   totally rocks!” (Baker 46). 

Finally, when you begin a new paragraph, the MLA convention is to re-identify the Viewpoints author when you first cite information from him or her in the new paragraph.