• 2. -ED Phrases - Past Participle Phrases

    The woman decided to celebrate the results. The woman was pleased.

  • 3. Prepositional Phrases

    We go over the river. We go through the woods.

    4. Renaming Phrases - Appositives

    My car is small. My car is a rusted. My car is a pile of junk.

    5. Who and That Clauses  -- Relative Clauses with Essential Info

    People live in glass houses. People should not throw stones.

    Things are made from metal.  Metal can rust.

    6. Who and Which Clauses -- Relative Clauses with Non-essential Info

    Mother is looking forward to Thanksgiving. Mother can cook a tasty turkey meal.

    The new semester starts in January.  We are looking forward to the new semester.

    7. -Ing Substitution Clauses - Noun Clauses

    If you talk out loud to yourself, people will wonder about you.

    8. That Substitution Clauses - Noun Clauses

    He passed the course with an A.  I was not surprised that he passed the course.

    9. How-what-when-where-why Substitution Clauses
    Noun Clauses

    He passed the course with an A. I wondered how he passed the course. I was surprised that he passed with an A.

    To see how well you are understanding the concepts stated here, do the practice. Give a copy of it to me when finished (five points).  After you finished the practice and have checked your answers, begin the exercise (sixty points). Those answers will automatically be sent to me. Oh, be sure to read the information below to help with clarity in sentences.

    Sentence Combining Practice   Sentence Combining Exercise


    Be Cautious of "Be" Verbs

    "Be" verbs are am, are, was, were, is, being, have been, being.

    Some people call them "taboo" words and try to get students to avoid them in everything they write. But don't give up your "be" verbs -- know when you want them and use them.

    Take a look at your "be" verbs. If you use a lot of them, you may be too wordy. You may be loading your sentences with nouns (often in prepositional phrases), too, but then you may need those "be" verbs to say what you need to say.

    1. Do "be" verbs replace stronger verbs?

  • 2. Do "be" verbs delay your point?

  • Most writers would agree that using active verbs rather than be verb strengthens your writing.  

     

    Our final phase in learning to be a sophisticated writer is that of sentence complexity.  Most professional writers would agree that "good" writing contains a variety of sentence constructions. 

    Look at these next two paragraphs and think about which is more appealing.

    1. Juanita went to the store.  She bought kumquats and melons. She took her purchases home.  She placed them on the counter.  Her toucan flew out of its cage. It landed upon the melon. It started pecking at the kumquat. It made a loud squawk at the funny taste. It then flew into the living room before Juanita could scold it.   She figured the taste was enough punishment.

    2. After purchasing kumquats and melons at the  store, Juanita took them home and placed them on the counter.  Her toucan flew from its cage, landed on the melon and preceded to peck at the kumquat. Before she could scold it, it gave a loud squawk and flew into the living room.  The unusual taste, she figured, was enough punishment.

    If you are like most people, you had a difficult time reading #1.  If you go back and read it, you will see that it is entirely made of a subject - verb - complete thought construction. Boring.  The second makes use of many sentence combining devices. 

    Read the suggestions below to help you understand sentence combining better, and then rewrite two paragraphs from previous essays using some of the suggestions.

    Ways to Combine Sentences

    Ways to combine sentences:

    1. -ING Phrases - Present Participle Phrases

    The man counted his change. The man smiled at the clerk.

    Carefully counting his change, the man smiled at the clerk.
    The man, carefully counting his change, smiled at the clerk.
    Pleased with the results, the woman decided to celebrate.
    The woman, pleased with the results, decided to celebrate.
    Over the river and through the woods we go.
    My car, a rusted pile of junk, is small.
    People who live in glass houses should not throw stones.
    Things that can rust are made from metal.
    Mother, who cooks a tasty turkey meal, is looking forward to Thanksgiving.
    We are looking forward to next semester, which begins in January.
    Talking out loud to nobody makes people wonder about you.
    That he passed the course with an A did not surprise me.
    How he passed the course with an A surprised me.
    Melissa is the type who thinks she's right. [Melissa thinks he's right.]
    His facial expression was an indication that he was wrong. [His face convinced us of his errors.]
    It was an exaggeration. [Germaine exaggerated.]
    It was a commitment that they had shown. [They showed a commitment.]
    Noriko was in an aggressive frame of mind. [Noriko thought aggressively.]
    It was true that she was a late-bloomer. [She bloomed late.]
    Occasionally, there was  a hamster in the basement. [Occasionally, we found a hamster in the basement.]
    It was difficult for him to go. [Leaving caused him difficulty.]

    Contents within this site are copyrighted by both the author of essays and/or Jan Strever.
    The contents within these pages are solely those of the author and S.C.C.
    should not be held responsible.  ©1999-2009
    Last revised: November 19, 2009 by Jan Strever -- jstrever@scc.spokane.edu
    Personal site:  http://www.js.spokane.wa.us/

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