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Tolstoy's
"The Death of Ivan Ilyich," considered
one of the greatest short stories ever written, is another example of an
"onion" work of literature--there's a lot more to it that one
might see on first glance; and as one looks deeper, more layers are
discovered.
Consider the first sentence of
the second chapter:
“Ivan Ilyich’s
life had been most simple and most ordinary and therefore most terrible,”
p. 1446. (1336).
All of us, likely
from birth, “breathe in” our culture—particularly the rules and guidelines
we are to follow if we want to lead a successful life. Of course, each
culture has its own unique “atmosphere” and definition of “successful.” One
culture might indoctrinate its members with a set of religious beliefs that
will lead them to success; another culture might emphasize respect for
elders and ancestors.
Ilyich’s culture is no different—it, too, has shaped the inhabitants
of his world.
Here’s what to do:
As you read the
first half of the story (pp. 1441-1461 (1330-1350)--Chapters I through IV), focus
particularly on the society's values and beliefs--what are the social
instructions that, if followed, will lead a member to be successful--to
live "The Right Life"? To discover these, pay particular
attention to the people who inhabit Ilyich’s
world and the values and beliefs they demonstrate through their thoughts
and actions.
When finished with
the first half, brainstorm and post a list of four or five values and
beliefs of Ilych's culture. Let's
call it the Believe-and-Do-These-Things-and-You-Will-Live-a-Successful-Life
List that Ivan Ilych was given and by which
he lived. Ask yourself what attitudes and behaviors were the
inhabitants of Ilych’s world taught would lead to
living “The Right Life”?
Please remember that the story
begins “in medias res,” or in the middle of things, so be patient and stay
with it as it unfolds.
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